# MAI - Monadical AI Container Tool

## Overview

MAI (Monadical AI Container) is a command-line tool for managing ephemeral containers that run AI tools and development environments. It works with both local Docker and a dedicated remote web service that manages containers in a Docker-in-Docker (DinD) environment.

## Technology Stack

### MAI Service
- **Web Framework**: FastAPI for high-performance, async API endpoints
- **Package Management**: uv (Astral) for dependency management
- **Database**: SQLite for development, PostgreSQL for production
- **Container Management**: Docker SDK for Python
- **Authentication**: OAuth 2.0 integration with Authentik

### MAI CLI
- **Language**: Python
- **Package Management**: uv for dependency management
- **Distribution**: Standalone binary via PyInstaller or similar
- **Configuration**: YAML for configuration files

## System Architecture

### Components

1. **CLI Tool (`mai`)**: The command-line interface users interact with
2. **MAI Service**: A web service that handles remote container execution
3. **Container Drivers**: Predefined container templates for various AI tools

### Architecture Diagram

```
┌─────────────┐           ┌─────────────────────────┐
│             │           │                         │
│  MAI CLI    │◄─────────►│  Local Docker Daemon    │
│  (mai)      │           │                         │
│             │           └─────────────────────────┘
└──────┬──────┘
       │
       │ REST API
       │
┌──────▼──────┐           ┌─────────────────────────┐
│             │           │                         │
│ MAI Service │◄─────────►│  Docker-in-Docker       │
│ (Web API)   │           │                         │
│             │           └─────────────────────────┘
└─────────────┘
       │
       ├──────────────┬───────────────┐
       │              │               │
┌──────▼──────┐ ┌─────▼─────┐  ┌──────▼──────┐
│             │ │           │  │             │
│  Fluentd    │ │ Langfuse  │  │ Other       │
│  Logging    │ │ Logging   │  │ Services    │
│             │ │           │  │             │
└─────────────┘ └───────────┘  └─────────────┘
```

## Core Concepts

- **Session**: An active container instance with a specific driver
- **Driver**: A predefined container template with specific AI tools installed
- **Remote**: A configured MAI service instance

## CLI Tool Commands

### Basic Commands

```bash
# Create a new session locally (shorthand)
mai

# List active sessions on local system
mai session list

# Create a new session locally
mai session create [OPTIONS]

# Create a session with a specific driver
mai session create --driver goose

# Create a session with a specific project repository
mai session create --driver goose --project github.com/hello/private

# Create a session with a project (shorthand)
mai git@github.com:hello/private

# Close a specific session
mai session close <id>

# Connect to an existing session
mai session connect <id>

# Stop the current session (from inside the container)
mai stop
```

### Remote Management

```bash
# Add a remote MAI service
mai remote add <name> <url>

# List configured remote services
mai remote list

# Remove a remote service
mai remote remove <name>

# Authenticate with a remote service
mai -r <remote_name> auth

# Create a session on a remote service
mai -r <remote_name> [session create]

# List sessions on a remote service
mai -r <remote_name> session list
```

### Environment Variables

```bash
# Set environment variables for a session
mai session create -e VAR1=value1 -e VAR2=value2

# Set environment variables for a remote session
mai -r <remote_name> session create -e VAR1=value1
```

### Logging

```bash
# Stream logs from a session
mai session logs <id>

# Stream logs with follow option
mai session logs <id> -f
```

## MAI Service Specification

### Overview

The MAI Service is a web service that manages ephemeral containers in a Docker-in-Docker environment. It provides a REST API for container lifecycle management, authentication, and real-time log streaming.

### API Endpoints

#### Authentication

```
POST /auth/login        - Initiate Authentik authentication flow
POST /auth/callback     - Handle Authentik OAuth callback
POST /auth/refresh      - Refresh an existing token
POST /auth/logout       - Invalidate current token
```

### Authentik Integration

The MAI Service integrates with Authentik at https://authentik.monadical.io using OAuth 2.0:

1. **Application Registration**:
   - MAI Service is registered as an OAuth application in Authentik
   - Configured with redirect URI to `/auth/callback`
   - Assigned appropriate scopes for user identification

2. **Authentication Flow**:
   - User initiates authentication via CLI
   - MAI CLI opens browser to Authentik authorization URL
   - User logs in through Authentik's interface
   - Authentik redirects to callback URL with authorization code
   - MAI Service exchanges code for access and refresh tokens
   - CLI receives and securely stores tokens

3. **Token Management**:
   - Access tokens used for API authorization
   - Refresh tokens used to obtain new access tokens
   - Tokens are encrypted at rest in CLI configuration

#### Sessions

```
GET /sessions - List all sessions
POST /sessions - Create a new session
GET /sessions/{id} - Get session details
DELETE /sessions/{id} - Terminate a session
POST /sessions/{id}/connect - Establish connection to session
GET /sessions/{id}/logs - Stream session logs
```

#### Drivers

```
GET /drivers - List available drivers
GET /drivers/{name} - Get driver details
```

#### Projects

```
GET /projects - List all projects
POST /projects - Add a new project
GET /projects/{id} - Get project details
PUT /projects/{id} - Update project details
DELETE /projects/{id} - Remove a project
```

### Service Configuration

```yaml
# mai-service.yaml
server:
  port: 3000
  host: 0.0.0.0

docker:
  socket: /var/run/docker.sock
  network: mai-network

auth:
  provider: authentik
  url: https://authentik.monadical.io
  clientId: mai-service

logging:
  providers:
    - type: fluentd
      url: http://fluentd.example.com:24224
    - type: langfuse
      url: https://api.langfuse.com
      apiKey: ${LANGFUSE_API_KEY}

drivers:
  - name: goose
    image: monadical/mai-goose:latest
    env:
      MCP_HOST: http://mcp:8000
  - name: aider
    image: monadical/mai-aider:latest
  - name: claude-code
    image: monadical/mai-claude-code:latest

projects:
  storage:
    type: encrypted
    key: ${PROJECT_ENCRYPTION_KEY}
  default_ssh_scan:
    - github.com
    - gitlab.com
    - bitbucket.org
```

### Docker-in-Docker Implementation

The MAI Service runs in a container with access to the host's Docker socket, allowing it to create and manage sibling containers. This approach provides:

1. Isolation between containers
2. Simple lifecycle management
3. Resource constraints for security

### Connection Handling

For remote connections to containers, the service provides two methods:

1. **WebSocket Terminal**: Browser-based terminal access
2. **SSH Server**: Each container runs an SSH server for CLI access

### Logging Implementation

The MAI Service implements log collection and forwarding:

1. Container logs are captured using Docker's logging drivers
2. Logs are forwarded to configured providers (Fluentd, Langfuse)
3. Real-time log streaming is available via WebSockets

## Project Management

### Adding Projects

Users can add projects with associated credentials:

```bash
# Add a project with SSH key
mai project add github.com/hello/private --ssh-key ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

# Add a project with token authentication
mai project add github.com/hello/private --token ghp_123456789

# List all projects
mai project list

# Remove a project
mai project remove github.com/hello/private
```

### Project Configuration

Projects are stored in the MAI service and referenced by their repository URL. The configuration includes:

```yaml
# Project configuration
id: github.com/hello/private
url: git@github.com:hello/private.git
type: git
auth:
  type: ssh
  key: |
    -----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
    ...encrypted key data...
    -----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
  public_key: ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAI...
```

## Driver Implementation

### Driver Structure

Each driver is a Docker image with a standardized structure:

```
/
├── entrypoint.sh      # Container initialization
├── mai-init.sh        # Standardized initialization script
├── mai-driver.yaml    # Driver metadata and configuration
├── tool/              # AI tool installation
└── ssh/               # SSH server configuration
```

### Standardized Initialization Script

All drivers include a standardized `mai-init.sh` script that handles common initialization tasks:

```bash
#!/bin/bash

# Project initialization
if [ -n "$MAI_PROJECT_URL" ]; then
    echo "Initializing project: $MAI_PROJECT_URL"

    # Set up SSH key if provided
    if [ -n "$MAI_GIT_SSH_KEY" ]; then
        mkdir -p ~/.ssh
        echo "$MAI_GIT_SSH_KEY" > ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
        chmod 600 ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
        ssh-keyscan github.com >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts 2>/dev/null
    fi

    # Set up token if provided
    if [ -n "$MAI_GIT_TOKEN" ]; then
        git config --global credential.helper store
        echo "https://$MAI_GIT_TOKEN:x-oauth-basic@github.com" > ~/.git-credentials
    fi

    # Clone repository
    git clone $MAI_PROJECT_URL /app
    cd /app

    # Run project-specific initialization if present
    if [ -f "/app/.mai/init.sh" ]; then
        bash /app/.mai/init.sh
    fi
fi

# Driver-specific initialization continues...
```

### Driver Configuration (mai-driver.yaml)

```yaml
name: goose
description: Goose with MCP servers
version: 1.0.0
maintainer: team@monadical.com

init:
  pre_command: /mai-init.sh
  command: /entrypoint.sh

environment:
  - name: MCP_HOST
    description: MCP server host
    required: true
    default: http://localhost:8000

  - name: GOOSE_ID
    description: Goose instance ID
    required: false

  # Project environment variables
  - name: MAI_PROJECT_URL
    description: Project repository URL
    required: false

  - name: MAI_PROJECT_TYPE
    description: Project repository type (git, svn, etc.)
    required: false
    default: git

  - name: MAI_GIT_SSH_KEY
    description: SSH key for Git authentication
    required: false
    sensitive: true

  - name: MAI_GIT_TOKEN
    description: Token for Git authentication
    required: false
    sensitive: true

ports:
  - 8000   # Main application
  - 22     # SSH server

volumes:
  - mountPath: /app
    description: Application directory
```

### Example Built-in Drivers

1. **goose**: Goose with MCP servers
2. **aider**: Aider coding assistant
3. **claude-code**: Claude Code environment
4. **custom**: Custom Dockerfile support

## Security Considerations

1. **Container Isolation**: Each session runs in an isolated container
2. **Authentication**: Integration with Authentik for secure authentication
3. **Resource Limits**: Configurable CPU, memory, and storage limits
4. **Network Isolation**: Internal Docker network for container-to-container communication
5. **Encrypted Connections**: TLS for API connections and SSH for terminal access

## Deployment

### MAI Service Deployment

```yaml
# docker-compose.yml for MAI Service
version: '3.8'

services:
  mai-service:
    image: monadical/mai-service:latest
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
      - ./config:/app/config
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment:
      - AUTH_URL=https://authentik.monadical.io
      - LANGFUSE_API_KEY=your_api_key
    networks:
      - mai-network

networks:
  mai-network:
    driver: bridge
```

## Project Repository Integration Workflow

### Adding a Project Repository

1. User adds project repository with authentication:
   ```bash
   mai project add github.com/hello/private --ssh-key ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
   ```

2. MAI CLI reads the SSH key, encrypts it, and sends to MAI Service

3. MAI Service stores the project configuration securely

### Using a Project in a Session

1. User creates a session with a project:
   ```bash
   mai -r monadical git@github.com:hello/private
   ```

2. MAI Service:
   - Identifies the project from the URL
   - Retrieves project authentication details
   - Sets up environment variables:
     ```
     MAI_PROJECT_URL=git@github.com:hello/private
     MAI_PROJECT_TYPE=git
     MAI_GIT_SSH_KEY=<contents of the SSH key>
     ```
   - Creates container with these environment variables

3. Container initialization:
   - The standardized `mai-init.sh` script detects the project environment variables
   - Sets up SSH key or token authentication
   - Clones the repository to `/app`
   - Runs any project-specific initialization scripts

4. User can immediately begin working with the repository

## Implementation Roadmap

1. **Phase 1**: Local CLI tool with Docker integration
2. **Phase 2**: MAI Service REST API with basic container management
3. **Phase 3**: Authentication and secure connections
4. **Phase 4**: Project management functionality
5. **Phase 5**: Driver implementation (Goose, Aider, Claude Code)
6. **Phase 6**: Logging integration with Fluentd and Langfuse
7. **Phase 7**: CLI remote connectivity improvements
8. **Phase 8**: Additional drivers and extensibility features